diff --git a/ruma-common/src/push.rs b/ruma-common/src/push.rs
index 6db0232a..f67d2f99 100644
--- a/ruma-common/src/push.rs
+++ b/ruma-common/src/push.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 //!
 //! [push]: https://matrix.org/docs/spec/client_server/r0.6.1#id89
 
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
 use ruma_common::StringEnum;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
@@ -16,6 +18,34 @@ pub use self::{
     condition::{ComparisonOperator, PushCondition, RoomMemberCountIs},
 };
 
+macro_rules! ord_by_rule_id {
+    ($t:ty) => {
+        impl Ord for $t {
+            fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> core::cmp::Ordering {
+                self.rule_id.cmp(&other.rule_id)
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl PartialOrd for $t {
+            fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<core::cmp::Ordering> {
+                Some(self.cmp(other))
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl PartialEq for $t {
+            fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+                self.rule_id == other.rule_id
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl Eq for $t {}
+    };
+}
+
+ord_by_rule_id!(PushRule);
+ord_by_rule_id!(ConditionalPushRule);
+ord_by_rule_id!(PatternedPushRule);
+
 /// A push ruleset scopes a set of rules according to some criteria.
 ///
 /// For example, some rules may only be applied for messages from a particular sender, a particular
@@ -24,24 +54,24 @@ pub use self::{
 #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "unstable-exhaustive-types"), non_exhaustive)]
 pub struct Ruleset {
     /// These rules configure behavior for (unencrypted) messages that match certain patterns.
-    pub content: Vec<PatternedPushRule>,
+    pub content: BTreeSet<PatternedPushRule>,
 
     /// These user-configured rules are given the highest priority.
     ///
     /// This field is named `override_` instead of `override` because the latter is a reserved
     /// keyword in Rust.
     #[serde(rename = "override")]
-    pub override_: Vec<ConditionalPushRule>,
+    pub override_: BTreeSet<ConditionalPushRule>,
 
     /// These rules change the behavior of all messages for a given room.
-    pub room: Vec<PushRule>,
+    pub room: BTreeSet<PushRule>,
 
     /// These rules configure notification behavior for messages from a specific Matrix user ID.
-    pub sender: Vec<PushRule>,
+    pub sender: BTreeSet<PushRule>,
 
     /// These rules are identical to override rules, but have a lower priority than `content`,
     /// `room` and `sender` rules.
-    pub underride: Vec<ConditionalPushRule>,
+    pub underride: BTreeSet<ConditionalPushRule>,
 }
 
 impl Ruleset {
diff --git a/ruma-common/src/push/predefined.rs b/ruma-common/src/push/predefined.rs
index 4092cca3..09cc177f 100644
--- a/ruma-common/src/push/predefined.rs
+++ b/ruma-common/src/push/predefined.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,21 @@ use super::{
 
 use ruma_identifiers::UserId;
 
+macro_rules! set {
+    ($( $elt:expr ),*) => {
+        {
+            use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+            let mut s = BTreeSet::new();
+            $( s.insert( $elt ); )*
+            s
+        }
+    };
+    ($( $elt:expr ),* ,) => {
+        set![ $( $elt ),* ]
+    };
+}
+
 impl Ruleset {
     /// The list of all [predefined push rules].
     ///
@@ -19,8 +34,8 @@ impl Ruleset {
     ///   user's ID (for instance those to send notifications when they are mentioned).
     pub fn server_default(user_id: &UserId) -> Self {
         Self {
-            content: vec![PatternedPushRule::contains_user_name(user_id)],
-            override_: vec![
+            content: set![PatternedPushRule::contains_user_name(user_id)],
+            override_: set![
                 ConditionalPushRule::master(),
                 ConditionalPushRule::suppress_notices(),
                 ConditionalPushRule::invite_for_me(user_id),
@@ -29,7 +44,7 @@ impl Ruleset {
                 ConditionalPushRule::tombstone(),
                 ConditionalPushRule::roomnotif(),
             ],
-            underride: vec![
+            underride: set![
                 ConditionalPushRule::call(),
                 ConditionalPushRule::encrypted_room_one_to_one(),
                 ConditionalPushRule::room_one_to_one(),